diff --git a/packages/core/src/tools/index.ts b/packages/core/src/tools/index.ts
index 1fcd856..4cc8d56 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tools/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tools/index.ts
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ tools.set(
 tools.set(
 	'scroll',
 	tool({
-		description: 'Scroll the page vertically. Use index for scroll elements (dropdowns/custom UI).',
+		description:
+			'Scroll vertically. Without index: scrolls the document. With index: scrolls the container at that index (or its nearest scrollable ancestor). Use index of a data-scrollable element to scroll a specific area.',
 		inputSchema: z.object({
 			down: z.boolean().default(true),
 			num_pages: z.number().min(0).max(10).optional().default(0.1),
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ tools.set(
 	'scroll_horizontally',
 	tool({
 		description:
-			'Scroll the page horizontally, or within a specific element by index. Useful for wide tables.',
+			'Scroll horizontally. Without index: scrolls the document. With index: scrolls the container at that index (or its nearest scrollable ancestor). Use index of a data-scrollable element to scroll a specific area.',
 		inputSchema: z.object({
 			right: z.boolean().default(true),
 			pixels: z.number().int().min(0),
diff --git a/packages/page-controller/src/actions.ts b/packages/page-controller/src/actions.ts
index a218599..04ee721 100644
--- a/packages/page-controller/src/actions.ts
+++ b/packages/page-controller/src/actions.ts
@@ -287,7 +287,10 @@ export async function scrollVertically(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLElem
 
 		while (currentElement && attempts < 10) {
 			const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(currentElement)
-			const hasScrollableY = /(auto|scroll|overlay)/.test(computedStyle.overflowY)
+			const hasScrollableY =
+				/(auto|scroll|overlay)/.test(computedStyle.overflowY) ||
+				(computedStyle.scrollbarWidth && computedStyle.scrollbarWidth !== 'auto') ||
+				(computedStyle.scrollbarGutter && computedStyle.scrollbarGutter !== 'auto')
 			const canScrollVertically = currentElement.scrollHeight > currentElement.clientHeight
 
 			if (hasScrollableY && canScrollVertically) {
@@ -339,9 +342,20 @@ export async function scrollVertically(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLElem
 		el.scrollHeight > el.clientHeight &&
 		bigEnough(el)
 
+	// @deprecated Heuristic container search.
+	// Unreliable in multi-panel layouts. Should guide LLMs to use indexed scroll for consistency.
+	// TODO: remove this fallback
+
+	// try to find the nearest scrollable container
+	// document.activeElement is usually body.
+	// After a successful element.focus(), activeElement become the nearest focusable parent
+
 	let el: HTMLElement | null = document.activeElement as HTMLElement | null
 	while (el && !canScroll(el) && el !== document.body) el = el.parentElement
 
+	// Something is wrong if it falls back to global '*' search
+	// TODO: Return error message instead of global '*' search
+
 	el = canScroll(el)
 		? el
 		: Array.from(document.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('*')).find(canScroll) ||
@@ -372,6 +386,10 @@ export async function scrollVertically(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLElem
 		return `✅ Scrolled page by ${scrolled}px.`
 	} else {
 		// Container scroll
+
+		const warningMsg = `The document is not scrollable. Falling back to container scroll.`
+		console.log(`[PageController] ${warningMsg}`)
+
 		const scrollBefore = el!.scrollTop
 		const scrollMax = el!.scrollHeight - el!.clientHeight
 
@@ -383,18 +401,18 @@ export async function scrollVertically(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLElem
 
 		if (Math.abs(scrolled) < 1) {
 			return dy > 0
-				? `⚠️ Already at the bottom of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll down further.`
-				: `⚠️ Already at the top of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll up further.`
+				? `⚠️ ${warningMsg} Already at the bottom of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll down further.`
+				: `⚠️ ${warningMsg} Already at the top of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll up further.`
 		}
 
 		const reachedBottom = dy > 0 && scrollAfter >= scrollMax - 1
 		const reachedTop = dy < 0 && scrollAfter <= 1
 
 		if (reachedBottom)
-			return `✅ Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the bottom.`
+			return `✅ ${warningMsg} Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the bottom.`
 		if (reachedTop)
-			return `✅ Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the top.`
-		return `✅ Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px.`
+			return `✅ ${warningMsg} Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the top.`
+		return `✅ ${warningMsg} Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px.`
 	}
 }
 
@@ -411,7 +429,10 @@ export async function scrollHorizontally(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLEl
 
 		while (currentElement && attempts < 10) {
 			const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(currentElement)
-			const hasScrollableX = /(auto|scroll|overlay)/.test(computedStyle.overflowX)
+			const hasScrollableX =
+				/(auto|scroll|overlay)/.test(computedStyle.overflowX) ||
+				(computedStyle.scrollbarWidth && computedStyle.scrollbarWidth !== 'auto') ||
+				(computedStyle.scrollbarGutter && computedStyle.scrollbarGutter !== 'auto')
 			const canScrollHorizontally = currentElement.scrollWidth > currentElement.clientWidth
 
 			if (hasScrollableX && canScrollHorizontally) {
@@ -456,6 +477,7 @@ export async function scrollHorizontally(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLEl
 	// Page-level scrolling (default or fallback)
 
 	const dx = scroll_amount
+
 	const bigEnough = (el: HTMLElement) => el.clientWidth >= window.innerWidth * 0.5
 	const canScroll = (el: HTMLElement | null) =>
 		el &&
@@ -463,6 +485,9 @@ export async function scrollHorizontally(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLEl
 		el.scrollWidth > el.clientWidth &&
 		bigEnough(el)
 
+	// @deprecated Same heuristic container search as scrollVertically.
+	// TODO: Remove once LLMs reliably use indexed scrolling via data-scrollable.
+
 	let el: HTMLElement | null = document.activeElement as HTMLElement | null
 	while (el && !canScroll(el) && el !== document.body) el = el.parentElement
 
@@ -497,6 +522,9 @@ export async function scrollHorizontally(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLEl
 		return `✅ Scrolled page horizontally by ${scrolled}px.`
 	} else {
 		// Container scroll
+		const warningMsg = `The document is not scrollable. Falling back to container scroll.`
+		console.log(`[PageController] ${warningMsg}`)
+
 		const scrollBefore = el!.scrollLeft
 		const scrollMax = el!.scrollWidth - el!.clientWidth
 
@@ -508,17 +536,17 @@ export async function scrollHorizontally(scroll_amount: number, element?: HTMLEl
 
 		if (Math.abs(scrolled) < 1) {
 			return dx > 0
-				? `⚠️ Already at the right edge of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll right further.`
-				: `⚠️ Already at the left edge of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll left further.`
+				? `⚠️ ${warningMsg} Already at the right edge of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll right further.`
+				: `⚠️ ${warningMsg} Already at the left edge of container (${el!.tagName}), cannot scroll left further.`
 		}
 
 		const reachedRight = dx > 0 && scrollAfter >= scrollMax - 1
 		const reachedLeft = dx < 0 && scrollAfter <= 1
 
 		if (reachedRight)
-			return `✅ Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the right edge.`
+			return `✅ ${warningMsg} Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the right edge.`
 		if (reachedLeft)
-			return `✅ Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the left edge.`
-		return `✅ Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) horizontally by ${scrolled}px.`
+			return `✅ ${warningMsg} Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) by ${scrolled}px. Reached the left edge.`
+		return `✅ ${warningMsg} Scrolled container (${el!.tagName}) horizontally by ${scrolled}px.`
 	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/page-controller/src/dom/dom_tree/index.js b/packages/page-controller/src/dom/dom_tree/index.js
index 5f57ff7..2f12ee1 100644
--- a/packages/page-controller/src/dom/dom_tree/index.js
+++ b/packages/page-controller/src/dom/dom_tree/index.js
@@ -503,11 +503,16 @@ export default (
 		const overflowX = style.overflowX
 		const overflowY = style.overflowY
 
-		// Check scrollable distances
+		// scrollbar-width/scrollbar-gutter are only set on elements designed to scroll;
+		// their presence signals scroll intent even when overflow is hidden (e.g. overflow: auto on :hover)
+		const hasScrollbarSignal =
+			(style.scrollbarWidth && style.scrollbarWidth !== 'auto') ||
+			(style.scrollbarGutter && style.scrollbarGutter !== 'auto')
+
 		const scrollableX = overflowX === 'auto' || overflowX === 'scroll'
 		const scrollableY = overflowY === 'auto' || overflowY === 'scroll'
 
-		if (!scrollableX && !scrollableY) {
+		if (!scrollableX && !scrollableY && !hasScrollbarSignal) {
 			return null // Not scrollable in any direction
 		}
 
@@ -521,11 +526,11 @@ export default (
 			return null // Not scrollable
 		}
 
-		if (!scrollableY && scrollWidth < threshold) {
+		if (!scrollableY && !hasScrollbarSignal && scrollWidth < threshold) {
 			return null // Not scrollable horizontally
 		}
 
-		if (!scrollableX && scrollHeight < threshold) {
+		if (!scrollableX && !hasScrollbarSignal && scrollHeight < threshold) {
 			return null // Not scrollable vertically
 		}
 
@@ -547,6 +552,8 @@ export default (
 			scrollData: scrollData,
 		})
 
+		console.log('scrollData!!!', scrollData)
+
 		return scrollData
 	}
 
@@ -1378,6 +1385,12 @@ export default (
 			return true
 		}
 
+		// Scrollable containers are always distinct — the LLM needs their index for targeted scrolling.
+		// Check extraData (already set by isScrollableElement in isInteractiveElement) to avoid redundant layout reads.
+		if (extraData.get(element)?.scrollable) {
+			return true
+		}
+
 		// Default to false: if it's interactive but doesn't match above,
 		// assume it triggers the same action as the parent.
 		return false